Biology Definition according to Experts

DEFINITION.TODAY - What is Biology? Biology is a branch and a science of nature, which learns about everything something to do with life on earth.

Assessment of science related to nature has first existed. Science that studies nature has been found in major civilizations such as Egypt, China, and India. However, the use of the term "Biology" was first recorded in 1736, which is used by Linnaeus in his work "Bibliotheca Botanica". And the science that examines nature and modern biology comes from ancient Greece that was pioneered by Aristotle and Hippocratus.

Literally, "Biology" is derived and the word "bios" and logos ". Bios means life and logos means science. Thus, biology is the study of living beings, which includes humans, plants, animals, and microorganisms.

To understand the concept of "Biology" in detail, let us read the following experts' definition:

Orman Karmana

Biology is a science that can support other sciences in solving problems.

Deswaty Furqonita and M. Biomed

Biology is a science that studies and examines everything about makhlu life.

Maniam and Ami S

Biology is a science that has a very wide scope so to make it easier to learn it, Biology is divided into various branches of science in accordance with the object.

Bagod Sudjudi and Siti Laila

Biology is part of the science that studies about living things and the environment

Fuad Izzudin & Tajudin

Biology is the study of living things and the problems concerning their lives.

M. Widiyaningsih & S.H. Anwariningsih

Biology is the study of all things related to living things and life.

Bagod Sudjudi & Siti Laila

Biology is a part of science that studies about living things and their environment.

Nugroho & Sumardi

Biology is a science that studies about the subject of life since several million years ago until now with all its manifestations and complexity, starting from the atomic sub particles to interaction between living things and living things with their environment.

Oman Karmana

Biology is a science that can support other sciences in solving a problem.

J. Juniati, et al

Biology is the study of living beings whose objects and problems occur in the natural environment.

Wijaya Jati

Biology is a science of living beings which emphasizes the study of the science of living beings and life.

Nur Haryanti

Biology is the science of the state and nature of living things (humans, animals, plants).

Deswaty Furqonita & M. Biomed

Biology is a science that studies and examines everything about living things and life.

Y. Fauziah & I Septifiranta

Biology is the study of living things and life-related issues.

Psychology Definition according to Experts

DEFINITION.TODAY - What is Psychology? Psychology is the science of behavior and thought, encompassing all aspects of both conscious and unconscious experiences.

Literally, "psychology" is a word derived from Greek (Greek), namely: (1) psyche meaning soul; (2) logos which means science. So, psychology is the science of the soul or can be called science that studies the psychology or the study of the phenomena of the human psyche.

While in general, psychology is a science and applied science that study the behavior and mental function of human beings scientifically.

Psychology is an academic discipline and a social science that seeks to understand individuals and groups by building general principles and case-specific research.

Researchers in the field of psychology is called psychological, while people who are experts in the field of psychology called  psychologists.

Because psychologists have different emphases, the definitions are different. Here are some of the definitions formulated by the experts:

1. According to Jhon Locke

Psychology is all the knowledge, responses, and feelings of the human soul gained by experience through the means of his senses.

2. According to Muhibbin Shah

Psychology is a science that studies open and closed behavior in human beings both as individuals and groups, in relation to the environment.

3. According to Richard Mayer

Psychology is an analysis of mental processes and memory structures to understand human behavior.

4. According to Jhon Broadus Watson

Psychology is a science that studies outward behavior by using an objective method of observation of stimuli.

5. According to George Berkeley

Psychology is the science of sensing (perception).

6. According to Crow & Crow

Psychology is the science of human behavior and human relationships with the surrounding environment.

7. According to Poerbakawatha and Harahap

Psychology is a branch of science that conducts investigations into the symptoms and activities of the soul.

8. According to Bigot

Psychology is the study of the soul and life of the soul.

9. According to Arthur Gates

Psychology is the science that tries to find common rules that describe the behavior of living organisms as well as to show, explain, and classify the various activities that animals, human beings, or others can do.

10. According to Burno

Psychology is the science of mental life associated with the behavior of organisms.

11. According to Wilhem Wundt

Psychology is the study of experiences that arise in man, such as feelings of the five senses, thoughts, feelings, and wills.

12. According to Knight and Knight

Psychology is a systematic study of human and animal experiences and behavior, normal and abnormal, individual or social.

13. According to Woodworth and the Marquis

Psychology is the study of the activities of individuals, both cognitive, motoric, and emotional activity.

14. According to Plotnik

Psychology is a systematic and scientific study of mental behavior and processes.

15. According to TH. F. Hoult

Psychology is a discipline that systematically studies the development and functioning of the mental and emotional factors of the human psyche.

16. According to Dakir

Psychology is the science that discusses human behavior in relation to its environment.

17. According to Dr. Singgih Dirgagunasa

Psychology is the study of human behavior.

18. According to Sartain

Psychology is the study of the behavior of living organisms, especially human behavior.

19. According to Hilgard and Atkinson

Psychology is the study of behavior and mental processes.

20. According to Chaplin

Psychology is the science of human and animal behavior, as well as the investigation of organisms in all its variations of complexity when reacting to the currents and changes in the natural world and the societal events that change the environment.

21. According to Branca

Psychology is the science of behavior and in this case concerns human behavior.

22. According to Jhon Broadus Watson

Psychology is the study of the nature of the soul and its process to the end.

23. According to Watson

Psychology is a part of science that emphasizes human behavior, deeds and speech either learned or not as the subject matter.

24. According to Zimbardo

Psychology is a science of organism's behavior.

25. According to Robert J. Wicks

Psychology is a science of conduct.

26. According to Koffka

Psychology is the scientific study of the behavior of living things in their relationships with the outside world.

27. According to Ruch

Psychology is the study of human beings, therefore related to other sciences, as it relates to sociology and biology.

28. According to Clifford T. Morgan

Psychology is the study of human and animal behavior.

29. According to Mussen and Rosenzwieg

In the past psychology was defined as the study of the mind. But in its development, the word mind is replaced by behavior. So psychology is the science that studies about human behavior.

30. According to Edwin G. Boring and Herbert S. Langfeld

Psychology is the study of the nature of man.

31. According to Moskowitz and Orgel

Psychology is an empirical science based on observation and experimental research with the subject matter of human behavior.

32. According to Ahmad Fauzi

Psychology is the study of the response given from living things to its environment.

33. According to Rene Descartes

Psychology is the science of the phenomena of thought or the phenomenon of human consciousness irrespective of its body.

34.  According to Shah (2001)

Psychology is a science that studies open and closed behaviors in humans both as individuals and groups, in relation to the environment. Open behavior is a psychomotor behavior that includes the act of speaking, sitting, walking and so on, while the closed behavior includes thinking, belief, feeling and so forth.

10 Science Definition according to Experts

DEFINITION.TODAY - What is Science? science is one that explains the definition of the universe that is compiled into a language capable of being understood by human beings as an attempt to be able to know and remember about something.

In other words, science means something that we can get from an activity such as reading or understanding objects or events. Science is not merely a knowledge, but it also summarizes a collection of knowledge based on agreed theories and can be systematically tested with a method of recognized method in a field of certain knowledge.

If viewed from the point of philosophy, science can be formed because humans try to think more about the knowledge they have. Science is very diverse, including covers about the science of mathematics and physics.

When we were kids, we always started to learn by reading the alphabet, then continued by mastering one by one words and then consciously or unconsciously, we are always learning to read. We not only read in the form of written language but also read the universe and its contents. That's how we as humans to find the truth.

With science, then life will be very easy, because science is also a tool to live the life.

Further, let us read the experts' opinion on the following definition of science:

1. Moh. Hatta

Science is a knowledge or study that regulates a general law work, because the effects in a group of problems that are the same good seen from the position or relationship.

2. Syahruddin Kasim

Science is an outcome of the physical metabolism as the guidance of the creator who is the origin of the interaction process of phenomena phenomena, through the dimensions of the heart, the rational, resourceful, empirical and essential desire to explain the hasanah of the universe in order to perfect the responsibility of khalifaan.

3. Soerjono Soekanto

Science is knowledge that can be arranged systematically by using the power of reason of thought. Knowledge will always be examined and tested critically by everyone who has the intention of knowing it.

4. Abu Bakr

According to Abu Bakr, science is an opinion (proposal) or fruit of thought, which meets the element of requirements in a science to a particular field of problem.

5. Mappadjantji Amien

Science is a science that begins from the wishes of man, which can be sourced from revelation, heart and universe and has a paradigm, methods, objects of observation, and communication media that can form a new study. Science knowledge itself aims to understand the universe in order to utilized and found themselves to explore the fitral potential to know God.

6. Sondang Siagian

According to Sondang Siagian, science is a series of objects of a scientific nature that has a set of principles, propositions, and formulas, obtained with a series of experiments that are systematic and done repeatedly, has been tested the truth, the principles, the arguments and formulation . And the formulation can be taught and studied for greater importance.

7. Helmy A. Kotto

Science is a long series of processes in the formation of knowledge itself and done continuously until it can actually find and explain the phenomenon and the existence of nature itself.

8. Ralp Ross and Ernes Van Den Haag

According to  Ralp Ross and Ernes Van Den Haag written in his book The Fabric of Society, science has empirical, general rational, cumulative, and four criteria must be met simultaneously.

9. V.Afayanev

According to V. Afayanev in his book Marxist Philosophy, science is a human knowledge of nature, society and mind.

10. Asle Montagu

Science is a knowledge arranged in a container or system derived from experience, learning process and experiments that have been done and the results can be used to determine the nature of the principle of rights being studied.

25+ Theory Definition according to Experts

DEFINITION.TODAY - Before and while doing research, a researcher should examine many of the reliable theories put forward by the expert as the underlying foundation.

Fundamentally, the theory comes from the Latin word "Theoria" which is a noun that literally means reflection, speculation or vision. While the outline, the theory has a different meaning according to the field of science or discussion context used.

In general, theory is defined as a series of interrelated parts, definitions or propositions and presents a systematic view of phenomena by determining relationships between variables.

In social theory is defined as a system of interconnectedness or ideas that summarize and organize knowledge of the social world. Whereas in science, theory is defined as a model or frame of mind that explains certain phenomena or social phenomena.

What about experts' opinion? Let's read more in the following explanations:

1. According to Erwan and Dyah "2007"

Theory is a set of concepts that have a systematic relationship to explain a particular social phenomenon. Furthermore he said that theory is one of the most fundamental things that must be understood a researcher when he did the research because of the existing theories researchers can find and formulate social problems that observed systematically to further developed in the form of research hypotheses.

2. According to Emory-Cooper

Theory is a set of concepts, definitions, propositions and variables that relate to each other in a systematic and general way so that they can explain and predict certain "fact" phenomena.

3. According to Calvin S. Hall

A theory is the unproven "provisional" provisional hypothesis or speculation about the fact that it is uncertain.

4. According to Ismaun

Theory is a statement that contains substantive conclusions about order.

5. According to Hoy and Miskel "In Sugiyono, 2010: 55"

Theory is a set of concepts, assumptions and generalizations that can be used to express and explain behavior in various organizations.

6. According to Little john and Karen Foss

Theory is a system of abstract concepts and relationships of concepts that help us to understand phenomena.

7. According to Nazir

Theory is an opinion put forward as an explanation of an event or event.

8. According Kerlinger

Theory is a concept that relates to each other that contains a systematic view of phenomena.

9. According to Stevens

Theory is a statement whose contents cause or characterize some phenomena.

10. According to Manning

Theory is a set of assumptions and logical conclusions that associate a set of variables one other greeting. The theory will produce predictions that can be compared with the observed patterns.

11. According to Fawcett

Theory is a description of a particular phenomenon, an explanation of the relationship between phenomena or predictions about the causes and consequences of other phenomena.

12. According to Travers

Consisting of a generalization theory intended to explain phenomena and generalizations should be predictive. Theory consists of generalizations intended to precede and predict phenomena.

13. According to Gardner Linzey

A theory is the unproven "provisional" provisional hypothesis or speculation about the fact that it is uncertain.

14. According to Kneller

The first theory has two meanings, that it is empirical theory, in the sense that as a result of hypothesis testing with observation and expriment.

15. According to King

Theory is a set of concepts that, when described, have a relationship and can be observed in the real world.

16. According to Siswoyo "In Mardalis, 2003: 42"

Theory is defined as a set of interrelated concepts and definitions that reflect a systematic view of phenomena by explaining relationships among variables, with the aim of explaining and predicting phenomena.

17. According to Mike Bal "1985"

The theory is "a theory is a systematic set of generalized statements about a particular segment of reality".

18. According to Heinan's "1985"

The theory is "a group of logically organized laws or relationships that constitute explainnation in a discipline".

19. According to John W Creswell, Research Design, Qualitative & Quantitative Approach "London, sage '1993: 120"

Theory is a series of interrelated parts or variables of definition and proposition that present a systematic view of phenomena by determining relationships among variables, with the intent of explaining natural phenomena.

20. According to Jonathan H. Turner

Theory is the process of developing ideas that help us explain how and why an event occurs.

21  According to Suyanto, 2005: 34

Theory is a set of propositions that describe a phenomenon happening like this. To facilitate the research required guidelines for thinking that is the theoretical framework. Before conducting further research a researcher needs to set up a theoretical framework as a thinking ground to illustrate from a point where researchers highlight the selected problem.

22. According to Masri Singarimbun and Sofian effendi (1998, 37)

Theory is a series of assumptions, concepts, constraints, definitions and prepositions to explain a social phenomenon systematically by formulating relationships between concepts.

23. According to Hedriksen (1992)

Theory is an arrangement of hypotheses, concepts, and pragmatic principles that form the general framework of reference for a field in question.

24. According to Azuar Juliandi

Theory is a thought, study and research that has been recognized its scientific validity.

25. According to Stevens

Theory is a statement whose contents cause or characterize some phenomena.

30 Sociology Definition according to Experts

DEFINITION.TODAY - What is Sociology Definition? Etymologically, sociology is derived from the word socius (Latin: friend) and logos (Greek: word, speech). So literally, sociology can be interpreted as talking about friends. Then, how do the experts define sociology? Let us read carefully the following definitions:

1. According to Auguste Comte

Sociology is a positive study of the basic laws of various social phenomena consisting of static sociology and dynamic sociology.

The term 'sociology' was first used by Auguste Comte in 1839, a French philosopher. Auguste Comte was the first person to use the term as a special educator to study society. In addition, he also made an important contribution to sociology. Therefore experts agree to call it 'Father of Sociology'. Why? It must be admitted that Auguste Comte is very meritorious to the science of sociology.

2. According to William Kornblum

Sociology is a scientific effort to study the society and the social behavior of its members and make the community concerned in different groups and conditions.

3. According to Roucek and Warren

Sociology is the study of relations between people in groups.

4. According to Allan Johnson

Sociology is the study of life and behavior especially in relation to a social system and how it affects people and how the people involved in it influence the system.

5. According to Pitirim A. Sorokin

Sociology is the study of:
- the relationship and mutual influence between various kinds of social phenomena, for example between economic phenomena and religion, family and morals, law and economics, etc.
- the relationship and mutual influence between social phenomena and non-social symptoms (eg geographic, biological, etc.).

6. According to Herbert Spencer

Sociology is the science that investigates the composition and process of social life as a whole or a system.

7. According to Emile Durkheim

Sociology is the study of social facts. Social facts are a way of acting, thinking, and being able to exert external coercion on the individual.

8. According to J. Gillin

Sociology is the study of interactions that arise in society.

9. According to Wiliam F. Ogburn and Mayer F. Nimkoff

Sociology is a scientific study of social interaction and the result of social organization.

10. According to P. J. Baouman

Sociology is the science of human beings and the relationships between groups of people.

11. According to Paul B. Horton

Sociology is a science that focuses on the study of group life and product life of the group.

12. According to Mr. J. Bierens De Haan

Sociology is the science of human society, both about its nature, its composition, its relationships, the natures that move it, about health, and the development of society.

13. According to Soerjono Soekanto

Sociology is a science that focuses on societal aspects of a general nature and seeks to get the general patterns of community life.

14. According to George Simmel

Sociology is a science that studies the relationships of human beings.

15. According to Max Weber

Sociology is the science that seeks to understand social actions. Social action is an action that is taken by considering and oriented to the behavior of others.

16. According to Drs. Ary H. Gunawan

Sociology is a science that seeks to solve problems with sociological analysis or approach.

17. According to Selo Soemardjan and Soelaeman Soemardi

Sociology is a social science that studies social structures and social processes including social change.

18. According to Charles Ellwood

Sociology is the knowledge that describes the relationship of man and his class, as long as his progress, form, and obligations.

19. According to J. A. A. Von Dorn and C. J. Lammers

Sociology is the science of stable structures and social processes.

20. According to Gustav Ratzenhofer

Sociology is the knowledge of human relationships with its obligation to investigate the basis and the occurrence of social evolution and general prosperity for its members.

21. According to Major Polak

Sociology is a science that studies society as a whole, that is relationship between human being with other human being, human being with group, group with group, either formal group or informal group or both static group and dynamic group.

22. According to Koentjaraningrat

Sociology is a process that is the process of learning culture in relation to social systems.

23. According to Hassan Shandily

Sociology is the study of living together in society and investigating the bonds between human beings who dominate life by trying to understand the nature and purpose of living together the way it is formed and grow, and the change of union of life and belief.

24. According to Anthony Giddens

Sociology is the study of human social life, groups of people, and society.

25. According to Prof. Groenman

Sociology is a science that studies the actions of humans in an effort to fit in a bond. These adjustments include:
- Adapt to the geography environment
- Adapt to fellow human beings
- Adapt to the surrounding culture.

26. According to Ibn Chaldun

Sociology is a science that studies the society, the human in its diverse form, character and characteristic of these forms of traps and laws that dominate their development.

27. According to Prof. M.M. Djojodiguna, SH.

He defines Sociology as the science of life-oriented society, meaning that what is being investigated is the social life.

28. According to Cuber

In his book "Sociology, A Synopsis of Principles" defines sociology as a science of mutual relations between humans.

29. According to Bierens Dehan

Bierens Dehan explains the definition of sociology in his book "Sociology, Ontwikkelingen Methode" defines sociology as the science of association of life.

30.According to Queen & Repke

They revealed in his book Living in the Social World that sociology is a science that studies the life of the group.

Government Definition according to Experts

DEFINITION.TODAY - What is government definition? Every country has a government. Good governance and integrity must be able to create prosperous, just, prosperous, and safe societies. Then, does the government include only the supreme leadership of a country? To find a complete understanding of the government, let us read carefully the following definition of government according to some experts:

1. According to C.F. Strong

C.F. Strong defines government in a broad sense as the activity of public boards consisting of executive, legislative and juridical activities in an effort to achieve a country's objectives. In a narrow sense, he reveals that government is any form of activity of a public body and consists only of an executive board.

2. According to A. Brasz

Government is the study of how public institutions are prepared and functioned with both external and internal to the citizens.

3. According to W.S. Sayre

W.S. Sayre defines that government as an organization of a state that engages its power.

4. According to Rosenal

Government is a study of how to accomplish external and internal structures as well as processes of governance globally.

5. According to Syafie Inu Kencana

According to him, government is a science that studies how to carry out the maintenance of the executive, the legislative board setting, leadership and good governance coordination with the regional center or the people with the government in all the events and symptoms of governance.

6. According to Kusnardi

Government is the affairs of a country in carrying out the welfare and interests of its people and to carry out and perform executive, legislative and judicial duties.

7. According to Haryanto, et al

Functionally, government is a system of structures & organizations of various functions run on a certain basis in achieving the goals of a country.

8. According to Mac Iver

Government is a science of the way in which people can be governed.

9. According to Rosenal

Government is a science that studies the way external and internal workings of government structures and processes globally.

10. According to Aim Abdulkarim

Government is all the affairs of the state in carrying out the well-being of the people & the interests of the state.

11. According to Suradinata

Government is an organization that has great power in a country, including public affairs, territorial, and power affairs in order to achieve state goals.

12. According to Apter

Government is the most common party with specific responsibilities for maintaining a system covering the range. It is also a part and a practical monopoly of coercive power.

13. Muhadam Labolo

Government is a necessity which is held to then be avoided at certain points.

Based on the explanation above, which idea do you think fit your opinion?

Definition of Love according to Experts

DEFINITION.TODAY - What is love? Love is the priceless gift and it is given to the most perfect creature, human beings. Love cannot be pronounced with words, cannot be described with any language. Love can only be read with a love language and also with feeling. Love is a universal feeling fro any gender, age, race or tribe. No matter love for human beings, plants, animals, or to the creator.

Love is the feeling that makes you happy, sad or blind. Love is full of sacrifice, the bitterness, the beauty and warmth. Love is a desire to give without having to ask for anything, but love will be more beautiful if they are both mutually give and take, so that the warmth, harmony and togetherness in life can be truly achieved. Love is a word that has many meanings, depending on how we put it in life.

What about experts if they are asked to define the meaning of love. Let's read their reviews below:

 

1. According to Rabi'ah Al-' Adawiyah:

Love is an expression of the longing and the image of the deepest feelings. Whoever feels it, he will recognize it. However, anyone who tries to find his nature surely will fail.

2. According to Jalaluddin Rumi:

Love is the source of all things. World and life arose because the power called love. Love is the essence of all life formed in the world.

 

3. According to Kahlil Gibran:

Love is the only freedom in the world because it evokes the spirit of the laws of humanity and the natural symptoms cannot change his journeys any time. Love is like a bird, asks to be arrested but refused to get hurt.

4. According to Mahmud Ibn Al-Sharif:

Love is a longing that is not endless, a nostalgia which always explodes, and a madness which never fails.

5. According to Ibn Al-Qayyim al-Jauziah:

Love is the overflow of heart followed an extraordinary desire to meet with the beloved.

6. According to Abu ' Abdullah An-Nibaji:

Love is a pleasure if it addressed to the creatures, and destruction if it addressed to the creator.

7. According to Musfir bin Said Al-Zahrani:

Love is the most important emotion in human life and the most important factor in uniting the human hearts and formed the affection among them.

8. According to Ibn ' Abdush Shamad:

Love is leading to blindness and deafness. The man who falls in love would be blind and deaf to all things so that he can’t see and hear anything except his love either something or someone.

9. According to Quraish Shihab:

Love is tendencies hearts to something because the enjoyment or benefit that can be gained from a loved one.

10. According to Swihart:

Love is an active and productive effort that involves commitment, appreciation, attention, and a sense of unity.

11. According to Eric Fromm:

Love is an art that requires knowledge and training. Love is an activity and is not a passive influence. One of the love essences is the creativity, especially in the aspect of giving and not just accepting.

12. According to Hamka:

Love is a feeling that exists in every human being. It is like a drop of dew that descended from the sky, clean, and pure. Just a different land receives it. If it falls into a barren land, the hypocrisy, falsehood, trickery, and other reprehensible things will grow there. But if it falls to the fertile ground, the purity of heart, sincerity, loyalty and other goodness will grow there.

13. According to Scott Peck:

Love is the desire to develop both your own spiritual growth and the spiritual development of others.

14. According to Erich H. Ericson:

Love is a mature loyalty, formed from the basic difference between men and women. Love charged intimacy and in the same time requires a bit of isolation because each partner still may have a separate identity.

Conclusion

Love is one of the unique power source within humans. It becomes the propulsion heart and soul that will produce an attitude, action and behavior.